Indledning

Der er mange behandlingsformer som kan hjælpe børn som står i forskellige udfordringer, individuelt og i familien. For eksempel mentalisering baseret på familieterapi (Bateman og Fognagy 2012), individuel børneterapi (Tron Diset 2010) mv. En anden metode som hjælper børn effektivt og korttidsterapeutisk er hypnoterapi.

Hypnoterapi
Jeg vil kort definere hypnose som en ændret bevidsthedstilstand,. I denne ændrede stilstand kan der arbejdes terapeutisk. Når barnet er i trance har barnet – i større grad end voksne – adgang til potentialer og ressourcer (når børn er 7-12 år er de mest hypnotiserbare). Børn får meget lettere adgang til deres ubevidste end voksne. Hypnoterapi møder barnet i deres fantasiverden. I en ubevidst tilstand får barnet større adgang til at mestre problemerne.

Allianceopbygning
Ligesom i voksenterapi er det vigtig at opbygge en alliance med barnet. Hvis du ikke får opbygget en god relasjon første time, vil det være vanskelig at fortsætte arbejdet med barnet. Min erfaring er at har du først fået en god alliance med barnet er de de allerbedste klienter. De er modige, har adgang til fantasien, er åbne og nysgerrige. Dette benytter jeg mig af i hypnoterapi.

Hvem er med i terapien?
Som regelen ser jeg altid barnet sammen med familien, en af forældrene for at skabe tryghed. En undtagelse er hvis barnet er blevet udsat for overgreb, vold mv. fra forældrenes side. Hele familien kan evt. deltage i terapien (familiehypnose) eller almindelig familieterapi.

Hvordan arbejder jeg?
I første time er det vigtig at barn og forældre føler sig hørt, forstået og mødt. Børn kan tegne deres problemer, tegne familien som dyr. Sikkerhed, stabilitet og tryghed er nøgleord. Der foretages en kort anamnese (sygehistorie). Der kan laves et genogram (så vi ser om der er ressourcer andre steder i familien, vennekredsen eller andre behandlere som også kan være tilstede i terapirummet). Barnet kan vælge tøjdyr/dukker som terapeuten har på sit kontor. Dette dyret/dukken kan barnet låne med hjem som en god hjælper som har hjulpet andre barn.

Hvad kan hypnoterapi bruges til?
Næste skridt er selve behandlingsarbejdet. Terapiens længde afhænger af mange faktorer: problemets art, barnets familieforhold, barnets modenhed, udvikling mv. Det mindste jeg kan bruge er en time til anamnese, en time til behandling og en time til at evaluere.

Nogle af de udfordringer jeg arbejder med er for eksempel enuresis (senge tissing) skolefobier, smerter mv. Næsten altid indspiller jeg en CD eller en lille hypnose øvelse på barnets eller forældrenes mobiltelefon fra 5-20 minutter. Det vil sige at jeg giver dem mulighed for hjælp til selvhjælp. Indspildningen består af en induktionsdel (selvafslapning) og en suggestionsdel, hvor negative udsagn vendes til positive. Eksempel: Jeg er ikke noget værd kan vendes til: For hver dag der går får jeg mere og mere tro på mig selv. Denne indspildning kan barnet høre på hver dag. Jeg kan også arbejde dybere f.eks. med egostateterapi (Watkins og Watkins) og symboldrama (Leuner). Noget jeg har brugt i arbejde med børn der har været udsat for seksuel overgreb.

Familieterapi
Barn kan ikke ses isoleret fra sin familie/andre hjælpere/omgivende samfund. Ofte må der arbejdes med hele familien. Det man ser som problemet hos barnet, kan være et symptom på en familieproblematik. For eksempel havde en pige stærke smerter i maven. Disse smerter havde sin baggrund i forældrenes skilsmisse og at de modarbejdede hinanden. Da forældrene begyndte at samarbejde, forsvandt smerterne hos pigen. En dreng havde store problemer i forhold til de andre drenge i klassen. Han hørte stemmer og havde nogle mærkelige syner. Alle disse symptomer forsvandt da forældrene fik hjælp til at samarbejde og blev enige om hans bosted. Drengen i dette eksempel havde stor glæde af hypnoterapi, og dette hjalp forældrene til at samarbejde.

Konklusion
Børnehypnose er en særdeles velegnet terapiform for børn. Terapien kan kombineres med tegne og eventyrterapi, kognitiv terapi mv. Desværre har mange psykologer/læger ikke opdaget denne behandlingsform, som både er effektiv, enkel at udføre og som bygger på barnets og familiens egne ressourcer.

Hans Christian Ramskov Jensen
Specialist i klinisk psykologi og familieterapeut

89 svar

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